Journal: Therapeutics and Clinical Risk Management
Article Title: Treatment with Saccharomyces boulardii and Escherichia coli Nissle is safe and associated with reduced nosocomial transmission of van B vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium on an early rehabilitation ward in Germany: a retrospective analysis
doi: 10.2147/TCRM.S179208
Figure Lengend Snippet: Results of PFGE and PCR analyses of VRE isolated between October 2014 and March 2015 and between October and November 2016. Notes: ( A ) Photograph of PFGE typing, and results of PCR analyses. PCR was performed to identify genetic background of vancomycin resistance ( van A, van B) and genes of pathogenicity factors ( esp and hyl ). PFGE revealed the presence of three van B clusters (clusters 1, 3, 4), a van A cluster (cluster 2), and seven unique band patterns. ( B ) Isolation of van B isolates in chronological order between October 2014 and March 2015. *VRE colonized patients also exhibiting carbapenem-resistant Klebsiella pneumoniae . ( C ) Isolation of van A isolates in chronological order between October and November 2016. S=VRE exhibiting a unique band pattern in PFGE analysis. Abbreviations: PFGE, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis; VRE, vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus faecium .
Article Snippet: Sma I-digested genomic DNA was resolved in an agarose gel in an alternating electric field provided in a CHEF III PFGE apparatus (Bio-Rad Laboratories Inc., Hercules, CA, USA).
Techniques: Isolation, Pulsed-Field Gel, Electrophoresis